Helping you understand genomic testing

The following webpage aims to give you information about genomic testing and what it may mean for you and your family. We hope that this information, alongside a discussion with your health professional, will help you make an informed decision about whether to have testing.

The key information about genomic testing can be found on this page. If you are interested in knowing more, click the dropdown arrows in each section for more detailed information.

Please note that while this webpage explains genomic testing, your health professional may or may not offer you testing in your appointment. You will be required to fill out a consent form if you decide to undergo testing.

If you have any questions about the information on this webpage, please contact your health professional or ask them during your appointment.

Helping you understand genomic testing

The following webpage aims to give you information about genomic testing and what it may mean for you and your family. We hope that this information, alongside a discussion with your health professional, will help you make an informed decision about whether to have testing.

The key information about genomic testing can be found on this page. If you are interested in knowing more, click the dropdown arrows in each section for more detailed information.

Please note that while this webpage explains genomic testing, your health professional may or may not offer you testing in your appointment. You will be required to fill out a consent form if you decide to undergo testing.

If you have any questions about the information on this webpage, please contact your health professional or ask them during your appointment.

  • How is the test done?
  • Why might people have testing and what are the results?
How is the test done?
Both genetic and genomic tests need a DNA sample. Blood and mouth swabs are the most common samples used. You do not need to fast for the blood test. You cannot eat or drink for an hour before collecting a mouth swab.

Why might people have testing and what are the results?

Genetic and genomic testing are used to find changes in your genes that may cause a genetic condition.

There are many reasons why someone may have a genetic or genomic test. Here are some of the more common reasons:

Finding a cause. Finding out if you carry a condition. Confirming a diagnosis. Tracking a condition through the family. Diagnosing a condition through pregnancy.

Why might you have a test?

You may have a test to try to find the cause of a genetic condition.

Your health professional may call it diagnostic testing.

What are the possible results?

  • gene change is found that is likely to cause your or your child’s condition.
  • No gene change is found as the cause of your or your child’s condition.
  • variant of uncertain significance has been found. This means that currently it is not known whether it is the cause of your or your child’s condition. If a variant of uncertain significance is found, more testing may be done to try to find out what this means.

Why might you have a test?

You may have a test to see if you carry a gene change that could be passed to your children, but which is unlikely to affect your own health.

Your health professional may call it carrier testing.

What are the possible results?

  • You carry the gene change.
  • You do not carry the gene change.

Why might you have a test?

You may have a test to confirm a clinical diagnosis you have previously received.

Your health professional may call it confirmation testing.

What are the possible results?

  • Most commonly a gene change will be found that will confirm the clinical diagnosis.
  • Sometimes a gene change will not be found.

Why might you have a test?

You may have a test to understand how a gene change found tracks through the family. This can be done for various reasons.

For example, if a child has a very rare condition and their parents do not, it is more likely the gene change is the cause. Sometimes tracking the gene change across all affected family members can be helpful as the more affected family members who have the gene change, the more likely that it is the cause.

Your health professional may call it segregation testing.

What are the possible results?

  • You have the gene change.
  • You do not have the gene change.

Why might you have a test?

You may have a test to diagnose a genetic condition in your pregnancy.

Your health professional may call it prenatal testing.

What are the possible results?

  • A gene change is found that is likely to cause a genetic condition in your pregnancy.
  • No gene change is found.

 

  • Our DNA contains many gene changes. However, the test only focuses on variants related to your specific condition. This means it might not detect all gene changes you carry. As a result, the test cannot predict all potential genetic health issues you might develop in the future.
  • Your test results or sample may be reanalysed in the future. This might involve using existing data or require a new sample. However, further testing may or may not reveal the cause of your condition. Your blood relatives might also need testing to help your healthcare professional understand your genetic condition or how a variant is passed down in your family. Testing blood relatives can also help better understand variants of uncertain significance.
  • If a gene change is not found to be the cause of your health condition, it is possible that a different gene change could be found in the future. This might happen if technology for testing improves or if understanding of the genetic cause of your condition changes.